2017年全國碩士研究生統一入學考試英語二真題及答案（閱讀理解）

  Section II Reading Comprehension

  Part A

  Directions：

  Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

  A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

  Text 1

  Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km

  around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has

  inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands

  of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range

  from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

  Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years

  ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in

  London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to

  level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,

  healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing

  weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general

  population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating

  rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a

  week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official

  retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The

  success of Parkrun offers answers.

  Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos

  welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped

  over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast,

  wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual

  aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for

  newcomers.

  Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the

  planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports 

  associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in

  providing common goods － making sure there is space for playing fields and the

  money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these

  activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green

  spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in

  education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to

  provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

  21.題干According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.

  選項

  A．gained great popularity

  B．created many jobs

  C．strengthened community ties

  D．become an official festival

  答案A

  解析由題干中的關鍵詞 According to Paragraph 1, 可以快速的定位到文中的

  第一段，第一段講了每周六大約有五萬多人都會在他們當地的公園里跑步，跑步

  的年齡跨度之大：從 4 歲的小朋友到祖父母年紀的人都有；跑步所用的時間跨度

  也很大：從世界紀錄的 13 分 48 秒到一個小時。由此可見，這是一個全民運動，

  與 A 選項的 great popularity 相互對應，所以選 A. 其他選項，B 創造了很多就業

  機會；C 增強了社會的凝聚力；D 成為一個官方的節日；這幾個選項原文中都沒

  有涉及，所以排除。

  22.題干The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.

  選項

  A．boost population growth

  B．promote sport participation

  C．improve the city's image

  D．increase sport hours in schools

  答案B

  解析可以發現原文中第二段第一句話 Parkrun is succeeding where London’s

  Olympic “legacy” is failing 與題干中的關鍵詞 London’s Olympic “legacy” has

  failed to...對應，所以可以鎖定文章的第二段，從而找出解題的關鍵。第二段前半

  部分講了在最初的時候 Olympic 的目標，然而，事實卻事與愿違，...but the general

  population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating

  rate. 由這句話可以看出，Olympic 并沒有推動大眾的參與性，與預期的目標不符，

  所以選擇 B。

  23.題干Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.

  選項

  A．aims at discovering talents

  B．focuses on mass competition

  C．does not emphasize elitism

  D．does not attract first-timers

  答案C

  解析由題干中的關鍵詞 Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that...可以

  知道這是想考察 Parkrun 和 Olympic 的區別。追溯到原文，可以看到文中的第三

  段第一句話：Parkrun is not a race but a time trial.從這句話可以排除 A 和 B，因為

  A 和 B 都和競爭有關，D 選項可以從這一段的這一句話：there is much joy over a

  puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is ...可知，Parkrun 有很多

  第一次參加的人，所以排除 D. 最后可以知道，答案選 C，因為 parkrun 不是比

  賽，所以就不重視精英主義。

  24. 題干With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.

  選項

  A．organize "grassroots" sports events

  B．supervise local sports associations

  C．increase funds for sports clubs

  D．invest in public sports facilities

  答案D

  解析由題干中的關鍵詞 the governments should...,可以知道，命題人想要考察

  的是對于 Parkrun 這一項大眾運動，政府應該做點什么。所以，考生要快速的定

  位到原文中有關政府的段落，即第四段，If there is a role for government, it should

  really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space

  for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging

  the provision of all these activities in schools. 從這里可以知道，作者希望政府能夠

  為 Parkrun 提供場所和錢，并針對學校制定相關條例以鼓勵全民運動。由此可以

  排除 A，B，C. 最終選擇 D。

  25.  題 干  The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports

  is_____.

  選項

  A．tolerant

  B．critical

  C．uncertain

  D．sympathetic

  答案B

  解析由題干中的關鍵詞 the author’s attitude to what UK government have done

  for sport 可以再次鎖定原文中關于政府的部分，可見這一題與 24 題是有一定聯

  系的。第四段一開始作者提出了自己對政府的期許，但是事實上，政府卻沒有達

  到這一期許。But successive government have presided over selling green spaces,

  squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.

  政府負責賣地，從地方政府壓榨金錢，不重視學校的體育運動。可見，此處作者

  指責政府的一系列行為，由此可以得出答案 B. tolerant:寬容的，容忍的；

  uncertain：含糊的，不確定的；sympathetic：同情的，贊同的。

  Text 2

  With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget

  about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny

  Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote

  maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over

  into the family routine.”

  Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving

  mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices

  during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal

  interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones

  became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails

  while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

  Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if

  those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device

  －

  it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face

  experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a

  mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank

  expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes

  increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't

  have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents

  need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an

  emotional need," says Radesky.

  On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use

  of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should

  always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very

  white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your

  child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a

  child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if

  it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from

  their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend

  or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be

  more available to their child the rest of the time.

  26.題干According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

  選項

  A．simplify routine matters

  B．absorb user attention

  C．better interpersonal relations

  D．increase work efficiency

  答案B

  解析由題干中的關鍵詞 Jenny Radesky, 可以快速的定位到文中提到此人物的

  第一段第二行，接著題干中說 digital products are designed to..可以知道，考查的

  是數碼產品的目的，回歸到文中第一段第二行，可知 Jenny Radesky 說了這樣一

  句話：Tech is designed to really suck on you in, and digital products are there to

  promote maximal engagement....電子產品就是為了促進最大程度的參與性，由此

  可以得出答案 B 為了吸引用戶的注意力。其余選項在 Jenny Radesky 的話中都沒

  有體現。

  27.  題 干  Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices

  _____.

  選項

  A．takes away babies’ appetite

  B．distracts children’s attention

  C．slows down babies’ verbal development

  D．reduces mother-child communication

  答案D

  解析由題干中的關鍵詞 food-testing exercise, mother’s use of devices. 可以快

  速的定位到第二段第二行:She found that mothers who sued devices during the

  exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions

  with their children. 從這里可以知道，母親使用手機會減少 20%的語言交流機會，

  39%的非語言交流。由此可以得出答案為 D.減少了母親和孩子之間的交流。

  28.題干Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

  選項

  A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

  B．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

  C．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

  D．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

  答案D

  解析本題目是具體細節題。題干中的關鍵詞 Radesky 和 still face experiment

  定位到倒數第三段大寫 R 處，題目問實驗一定要找實驗結論，結論在本段最后

  一句的 but 之后，這里提到了 parents need be to responsive ...to...emotional need，

  父母需要對情感需求做出回應。正確答案 D 是原文的原詞復現。干擾項 A 的 blank

  expressions 是原文實驗里面的具體內容，非實驗表明；選項 B 是最后一句的個別

  詞干擾；選項 C 偷換概念，不是 children are insensitive，而是 parents。

  29. 題干The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

  選項

  A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

  B．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

  C．ensure constant interaction with their children

  D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens

  答案C

  解析本題目為具體細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞 oppressive ideology 和大寫字

  母 Tronick 定位到最后一段的第一句話 that 之后。本句 that 后的 demands 對應題

  干的 requires，說道“父母應該總是要交流”。正確選項 C 的 constant interaction

  對應原文的 always interacting。干擾項 A 的 fantasies 是定位句下一句中的個別詞

  干擾；選項 B 的 30000words 同樣是定位句之后的句子中提到的，而且是 if 的一

  個條件句；選項 D 的 concerned 是末段首句的 concerned，但是偷換概念。

  30.題干According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

  選項

  A．give their parents some free time

  B．make their parents more creative

  C．help them with their homework

  D．help them become more attentive

  答案A

  解析本題目為文中人物觀點的細節題。根據題干中的大寫字母 Tronick 及關

  鍵詞 kid 定位到最后一段的倒數第三句，破折號后面解釋了 kid’s use of screens

  的具體目的。“it gives parents time to...”與正確選項 A 完全一致，屬于原文的原

  詞復現。干擾項 B 的 creative 并未提及；選項 C 的 homework 根據原文的 housework

  進行干擾，原文是父母有時間做家務，而選項是幫助孩子做作業；選項 D 的

  attentive 并未提及。

  Text 3

  Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction

  with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to

  completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you

  know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And

  after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing

  something that isn’t academic.

  But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.

  There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially

  perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical

  school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not

  hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.

  Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap

  year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do

  not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing

  them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things

  that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen

  the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new

  environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than

  acclimation blunders.

  If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore

  interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to

  the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end

  up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic

  mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of

  themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another

  after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the

  school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At

  Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to

  switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure

  things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

  31.題干One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is

  that_____.

  選項

  A．they think it academically misleading

  B．they have a lot of fun to expect in college

  C．it feels strange to do differently from others

  D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

  答案C

  解析題目問的是高中畢業生不選擇間隔年原因之一是什么。根據題目中的

  high-school 和 gap year 和定位到第一段第一句話。這句話后面一句的 after all 可

  以知道后面應該是解釋理由了，After all, if everyone you know is going to college

  in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it?這句話是說如果大家秋天都

  上大學去了，你要是晚了一年看起來有點傻。這個句子等同于 C 選項中的 feel

  strange to do differently from others，因此選 C。

  32. 題干Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.

  選項

  A．keep students from being unrealistic

  B．lower risks in choosing careers

  C．ease freshmen’s financial burdens

  D．relieve freshmen of pressures

  答案D

  解析根據題目中的 study from the Australia and US 可以定位到第三段第一句

  話 Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap

  year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do

  not.。這句話明確說了有間隔年的學生比沒有的要好，好在準備和表現上。所以

  A：unrealistic 和 B：choosing career 不對。第二句在表現好的更細致地方面進行

  了描述：preparing them for independence 獨立性, new responsibilities 責任感 and

  environmental changes 環境變化。緊隨的破折號后總結說了這是 first-year students

  一年級學生 often struggle with the most 常常有苦惱的。說明最受益的是大學一年

  級學生，而整段都沒提過 financial burdens，所以 C 不對。而 D 中的 pressure 是

  對前面內容的概括性描述，因此答案是 D。

  33.題干The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3） is closest in meaning to_____.

  選項

  A．adaptation

  B．application

  C．motivation

  D．competition

  答案A

  解析這題根據題干中給的信息，到第三段最后一句中去找答案，Gap year

  experiences can...when it comes to adjusting to college..., making it easier to...rather

  than acclimation blunders.這個句子分兩部分，逗號+making 分詞作狀語，從功能

  上是解釋補充說明前面半句，所以間隔年的好處是能幫助新生調節適應大學，而

  不用擔心 acclimation 問題，所以 acclimation 當然就是適應的意思了。因此 A 為

  正確答案。

  34.題干A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.

  選項

  A．avoid academic failures

  B．establish long-term goals

  C．switch to another college

  D．decide on the right major

  答案D

  解 析 文 章 最 后 一 段 第 一句 提到 了 consider its financial impact on future

  academic choices。Financial 對應題干中的 save money，而 academic choices 學術

  選擇可以排除 A 和 B。根據最后一段第三句...students...listing one major on their

  college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.所以第一句

  中的 academic choices 指的就是轉專業的事兒，因此選 D。

  35.題干The most suitable title for this text would be_____.

  選項

  A．In Favor of the Gap Year

  B．The ABCs of the Gap Year

  C．The Gap Year Comes Back

  D．The Gap Year: A Dilemma

  答案A

  解析第二段第一句話 But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to

  condemn gap years.就用 but 句說明了全文就是想說間隔年你值得擁有。而選項中

  只有 A 選項 in favor of 是持正面積極態度的，因此選 A。

  Text 4

  Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of

  wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says

  Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

  In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5

  billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such

  efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the

  agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources

  management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.

  Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are

  going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal

  dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

  “It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole

  country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is

  this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard

  parts of the landscape?”

  Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today

  views fire, researchers say.

  For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the

  past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth

  from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

  While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of

  the rest of the equation.

  “The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the

  interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an

  overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem

  and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

  At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly

  controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University

  of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude

  crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,

  she says.

  “We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really

  important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire

  today.”

  36.題干More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015

  they_____.

  選項

  A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts

  B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget

  C．severely damaged the ecology of western states

  D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

  答案B

  解析本題目是原因細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞 wildfires 和 national concern，

  以及時間詞 2015，定位到第二段首句。本句提到 US 花費了大量的 budget，與選

  項 B 中的 budget 原詞復現，high 是原文 more than 的同義轉化，consume 同義替

  換原文 spent。干擾項 A 的 management 是首段末句的人物 Max Moritz 的職位；

  選項 C 的 western states 是首段首句的 though 從句內容，和題干無關，屬于答非

  所問；選項 D 的 infrastructure 是原文末尾的破折號里 such as 的內容，兩個破折

  號里面一定不選。

  37.題干Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.

  選項

  A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas

  B．avoid the redirection of federal money

  C．find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

  D．guarantee safer spending of public funds

  答案D

  解析本題目為具體細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞 a magnifying glass 和大寫字母

  Moritz 定位到第四段第二句，目的就是最后一句。本句提到“to redirect those

  funds”，基金重新引導，本段首句也提及 a huge problem from...public expenditure。

  正確答案 D 的 guarantee safer spending 是對這兩句的完全概括，討論公共基金更

  好的花費問題。干擾項 A 提到 fund，但未說 raise more，添加無關內容；選項 B

  與原文剛好相反，不是 avoid 避免；選項 C 是對原文 lower-hazard parts of the

  landscape 的偷換概念。

  38.題干While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.

  選項

  A．public debates have not settled yet

  B．fire-fighting conditions are improving

  C．other factors should not be overlooked

  D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place

  答案C

  解析本題是文中人物觀點的細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞 climate is a key

  element 及大寫字母 Moritz 定位到第 7 段的內容。本句中 Moritz 提到“should not

  come at the expense of the equation”，不以平等的代價而來。正確答案 A 中的不

  應該忽視其他因素是對本句的同義轉化與概括。干擾項 A 的 public debates 來自

  第 6 段的 the focus 但未提及 settle 的話題，也非本題定位句；干擾項 B 的 conditions

  是第 6 段的最后一句 conditions that worsen fires，偷換動詞 worsen 與 improving；

  選項 D 的 a shift in the view of 是出現在第五段，時態錯誤，原文是 would require，

  選項是 has taken place。

  39.題干The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.

  選項

  A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature

  B．explore the mechanism of the human systems

  C．maximize the role of landscape in human life

  D．understand the interrelations of man and nature

  答案D

  解析本題目為原因細節題。根據題干關鍵詞 simplified view Moritz 定位到第8段的首句，“the human systems and the landscapes... are linked and the interactions

  go both ways”,人類與環境是相聯系的，并且是相互作用的。正確答案 D 的

  interactions 是原文的原詞復現，man and nature 同義替換原文的 human... and

  landscapes。干擾項 A 原文未提及；選項 B 的 human systems 是原詞，但是并無

  mechanism 偷換概念；選項 C 的 landscape 和 human 是原詞出現，但添加無關信

  息 maximize。

  40.題干Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

  選項

  A．do away with

  B．come to terms with

  C．pay a price for

  D．keep away from

  答案B

  解析本題目為文中人物觀點的細節題。根據題干的大寫字母 Professor Balch

  和 fire，man 定位到最后一段的最后一句，“important to understand...human

  connection with fire”，人與火之間的聯系。正確答案 B 的意思是達成協議，符

  合原文。干擾項 A 的 do away with 是廢除；選項 C 的 pay a price for 是付出代價；

  選項 D 的 keep away from 遠離。